Exploring the constraints of women entrepreneurs in developing countries: Evidence from the literature

The tourism industry is one of the fastest-growing economic spheres in many developing countries. Women entrepreneurs in this industry have opportunities to enhance their economic independence, empower themselves, and improve their social standing through their businesses. However, while previous studies have focused on in-depth, microscopic views of the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs, few have sought to understand the macroscopic factors that empower women's entrepreneurship in the developing world (Panda, 2018). To address this research gap, this paper reviews previous studies and identifies microscopic and macroscopic constraints that women entrepreneurs are facing. Based on this, a framework of micro- and macroscopic constraints faced by women entrepreneurs will be developed. Utilizing the framework, this paper offers recommendations to support national tourism development committee officers, local government staff, and business-related stakeholders in development countries, enabling stakeholders to promote sustainable solutions for tourism development and assist the countries in meeting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).