A Study on Tendency of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Self Esteem in Elementary School Children

小学生におけるADHD傾向と自尊感情の関係を調べることにより、ADHD傾向の高い児童の自尊感情の様相を明らかにするとともに、自己評価を低下させている要因を探ることを目的とし、W市内の小学3年生および5年生を対象にアンケート調査を実施した。ADHD傾向については、学級担任が学級全員について質問紙(1)ADHDRS-IV-Jを用い評価し有効回答数は1195であった。自尊感情については、ポープらの自尊心尺度を参考に作成した自尊感情尺度(質問紙(2))を用い、学級担任の指導のもと児童がアンケートに答えた。有効回答数は1162であった。ADHD傾向についてはDSM-IVの基準を参考に得点の高いものをADHDサスペクトとした。本調査の結果、サスペクトは、混合型17名、不注意型23名、多動性-衝動性型3名の合計43名(約3.6%)であった。自尊感情について、合計得点および因子分析の結果得られた下位尺度「身体イメージ」「家族」「学業」「願望」「友だち」ごとにADHDサスペクト群と非サスペクト群を比較した結果、ADHDサスペクト群が非サスペクト群に比べ、自尊感情の合計得点が有意に低く、「学業」「家族」「友だち」の下位尺度においても有意に得点が低かった。「身体イメージ」「願望」においては、有意な差はなかった。以上により、ADHD傾向の高い児童はそうでない児童に比べ、自尊感情が低く、それは、「学業」「家族」「友だち」のそれぞれの地域においての自己評価の低さによるものであることが明らかにされた。

We tried to clear a system of self-esteem which ADHD suspects have and factors which are declined the self-esteem by investigating the self-esteem of ADHD suspect in elementary school students. At first, we asked homeroom teachers to send out two types of questionnaires to third grade and fifth grade students in the W city. The first questionnaire was called (1) ADHD RS-IV-J, which told us what the ADHD suspect is, and we got 1195 answers. In the self-esteem, we used the -second questionnaire, which was called (2) self-esteem scale. We got this questionnaire's key from the Pope, A. W.'s self-esteem scale and got 1162 answers from the second questionnaire'. About ADHD suspect, from the criteria of the 'DSM-IV, we decided that the people who got high scores in the DSM-IV were ADHD suspects. According to the first questionnaires, there were three types in the ADHD suspects : an attention deficit type, a hyperactive type, and a mixed type which had the attention deficit type and the hyperactive type. The attention deficit type suspects were 23, the hyperactive type suspects were 3, and the mixed type suspects were 17. About the self-esteem, we compared an ADHD suspects' group with a non-ADHD suspects' group in total scores of the second questionnaires and a lower standard which was composed from "body image, " "family, " "study, " "hope" and "friend.", We got the lower standard from the results of a factor analysis and the two questionnaires. According to a result of the comparison, an ADHD suspects' group had low total scores of the self-esteem in significant differences and had low scores of a part of the lower standard : "study, " "family, " and "friend, " in significant differences. However, in parts of the lower standard : "body image" and "hope, " there were no differences. As a result, the ADHD suspects had low self-esteem, compared to the non-ADHD suspects. Also, it was clear that the ADHD suspects had low self-esteem in parts of the lower standard : "study, " "family, " and "friend."